Hiring across borders

Contractors, employers of record and local entities. Three ways to employ someone abroad, with different costs and risks.

What is it?

Three main routes to engaging someone in another country:

Contractor — they invoice you, handle their own tax. Simplest, and carries misclassification risk. Employer of record (EOR) — a third party employs them locally on your behalf, for a fee. Fast and compliant. Local entity — you incorporate there and employ directly. Most control, most cost and administration.

Why does a founder care?

Because the rules are determined by where the person is, not where you are, and they vary substantially. Getting it wrong creates tax and employment liabilities in a jurisdiction you may not understand.

And because the choice has real cost implications: an EOR typically charges a meaningful monthly fee per person, while an entity carries fixed accounting and filing costs regardless of headcount.

Example

A rough decision guide:

One or two people, genuinely independent, project-based → contractor. Simplest, provided the relationship really is contractor-shaped. If they work full-time under your direction, the misclassification risk is real.

One to five people, employment-shaped, no entity → employer of record. They are legally employed by a local provider who handles payroll, tax and compliance. You pay a fee per person per month. Fast, compliant, and the standard answer for a small international team.

Five or more in one country, or a long-term commitment → local entity starts to make financial sense, because EOR fees scale per person while entity costs are largely fixed.

What people forget:

  • IP assignment. Must work under local law. Not all jurisdictions treat assignments identically.
  • Notice and termination rules. Far stronger in some countries than others, and they apply regardless of what your contract says.
  • Benefits and statutory entitlements. Pension, holiday and sick leave minimums vary substantially and are not optional.
  • Permanent establishment. Having people in a country can, in some circumstances, create a taxable presence there even without an entity.
  • The common mistake

    First-time founders often engage full-time international staff as contractors indefinitely because it is simple. It works until it is reviewed, and the liability sits with the company.

    The second mistake: assuming home-country employment norms apply. Notice periods, termination protections and statutory benefits vary enormously and override your contract.

    The third: not getting an IP assignment valid under the person's local law. An assignment drafted for one jurisdiction may not do what you expect in another.

    How it works

    Step 1: Decide by shape and scale

    Genuinely independent and project-based → contractor. Employment-shaped, small numbers → EOR. Five or more in one country → consider an entity.

    Step 2: Be honest about the relationship

    Full-time, directed, exclusive work is employment in most jurisdictions, whatever the contract says.

    Step 3: Get IP assignment valid locally

    Check it works under their law, not just yours.

    Step 4: Check notice and termination rules before hiring

    Not when you need to end the relationship. They are frequently much stronger than founders expect.

    Step 5: Budget the real cost

    EOR fees, statutory benefits and employer contributions. Gross salary is not the cost.

    Step 6: Ask about permanent establishment risk

    People in a country can create a taxable presence. One conversation with an accountant covers it.

    When to use this

    Before engaging anyone outside your home country.

    When not to use it

    Do not set up a local entity for one or two people. An EOR is faster, compliant and cheaper at that scale.

    Do this now

    This is educational information, not legal advice. Rules differ by country and change — get advice from a qualified professional in your jurisdiction before acting.

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