Due diligence

What investors check before wiring, and the four things that most often kill a deal at this stage.

What is it?

After a term sheet, the investor verifies everything you said. Typically:

Corporate — incorporation, cap table, board minutes, shareholder agreements Financial — statements, bank records, revenue recognition, contracts Legal — customer and supplier contracts, employment agreements, IP assignments Technical — architecture, security, code review Commercial — customer references, churn, pipeline

Two to six weeks for an early round.

Why does a founder care?

Because this is where deals die, and almost always for administrative reasons rather than because the business was bad.

The four classic killers: missing IP assignments, an undocumented cap table, revenue that does not match the bank, and a key contract that is unsigned or unfavourable. Each is a paperwork problem that becomes a deal problem under a deadline.

Example

A company signs a term sheet. Diligence begins.

Week 1 — the investor asks for IP assignment agreements. The founders signed theirs. The contractor who built the original prototype did not. He is now at another company. Legally, he may own part of the codebase.

Week 2 — the cap table shows 8% to an advisor. There is an email promising it and no signed agreement. The advisor now believes it was 10%.

Week 3 — recorded revenue is $34k; bank deposits are $27k. The difference is invoiced-not-paid, which is fine, but nobody had explained it and it now looks like the numbers were overstated.

None of these mean the business is bad. All three cost weeks, legal fees and goodwill — and any of them can end a deal when the investor's enthusiasm was marginal to begin with.

All three were preventable with an afternoon of paperwork eighteen months earlier.

The common mistake

First-time founders often start assembling documents only after signing the term sheet. That is exactly when you have the least time and the most pressure, and when every gap looks worse than it is.

The second: being defensive about problems. Every company has some. Disclosing them yourself, early, with a plan, is far better than having them found. Discovered problems raise the question of what else is hidden.

How it works

Step 1: Build the data room before you start raising

Incorporation, cap table, financials, contracts, IP assignments, employment agreements. Assemble it calmly, months ahead.

Step 2: Get every IP assignment signed

Every founder, employee and contractor who touched the product. This is the single most common blocker.

Step 3: Document every equity promise

Advisors, early contributors, anything agreed by email. Convert it into signed paper now.

Step 4: Reconcile revenue to the bank

Make sure you can explain any difference in one sentence before anyone asks.

Step 5: Disclose problems yourself

A known issue with a plan is manageable. A discovered issue changes what the investor thinks about everything else you said.

Step 6: Line up references in advance

Ask your best customers whether they would take a call. Being caught unprepared here looks careless.

When to use this

Start preparing months before raising. Actual diligence runs after the term sheet.

When not to use it

Angel rounds on standard SAFEs often involve very light diligence. Do not build a 200-document data room for a $50k cheque.

Do this now

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