Thinking method · Minto, The Pyramid Principle

Answer first, then support it

Structuring an explanation so the conclusion comes before the reasoning. Any written recommendation, update or proposal.

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Structuring an explanation so the conclusion comes before the reasoning.

The steps

1. Write the single answer or recommendation, in one sentence.
2. Under it, three to five supporting points.
3. Check each supports the one above and is on the same level as its siblings.
4. Check the group is complete, and the points do not overlap.
5. Put the detail underneath, where someone can go if they want it.

When to use it

Any written recommendation, update or proposal.

What it will not do

It is a structure for communicating a conclusion. It cannot rescue a conclusion you have not reached.

Where it comes from: Minto, The Pyramid Principle. Described in our own words.